Gaunilo's argument from Anselm's point of view Essay

Gaunilos argument from Anselms point of view - Essay ExampleGaunilo, a fellow monk and believer sought to oppose Anselms argument, saying it would force people to conclude existence of former(a) non- existent things. His critic is usually described by philosophers as an overload idea, because he does not show how Anselms ideas are wrong but rather how it unsound in all applications, if it is unsound in champion. Gaunilo argues that god in the argument placed by Anselm can be replaced by anything, in his case, the perfect island. Suppose we replace God with an island, this is how it would flow. Imagine a perfect island of which none like it is conceivable, now this idea exists in your mind. The existence of a perfect island in both the mind and in reality is great than if it only exists in the mind. If the concept of a perfect island exists in the mind then we can imagine an island better than the perfect island. But we cannot imagine an island great than this we can conclude that this perfect island exists. In defense of his theory, Anselm would argue that the idea of what entails a perfect island varies from one person to another, for example, to me, a perfect island would be one with sandy beaches and human occupation, while to another that would be one that is deserted and with abundance of lets say fruits. ... In the second way he argues that no object can create itself, in that respectfore there must be a first cause (God), who began the chain of existence of all things. doubting Thomas reconciled faith and reason, by borrowing heavily from Aristotle. The second cause is explained using the following steps 1) The natural world has things that are caused by other things. There is therefore an order of efficient causes in the sensible world. Every sensible event that takes place has a distinct cause. 2) In the natural world, naught can be the cause of itself. There is hardly a case in which an event in the natural world was caused by itself. Events occu r that were caused by events rate than themselves. 3) In the natural world there cannot be an endless string of objects causing other objects to exist. We can therefore say that causes are preceded by effects. 4) There exists a supernatural being that causes the first chain of events therefore the cause of such events is called God. The supernatural force has to be a person with enormous power and with divine attributes such as being omnipresent. These inferences are drawn from nature and causation. This argument has some flaws for example the identity of the cause does not maintain to be God. It is flawed to assume that the cause of the events that take place in nature has to originate from one location for all of them. There is a opening night that there may be multiple causes, not related to each other. Moreover, the cause does not have to be supernatural, but could be other causes such as the universe. In conclusion, this theory begs the question as to why infinite causal ch ains are impossible, for example it can be assumed that there exists no beginning, middle or end time, therefore the

Petroleum Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Petroleum Engineering - Essay ExampleThe Kolga sands had been remobilized under the interment which led to sand fluidization and injection along weakness zones. On seismic sections, injection wings appeared cross cutting what surrounded seismic reflection, this was considered as an artifact.They launched the emergence of the Nini east field in 2009 with a drilling campaign which included two horizontal and one injection in Kolga sand. The main reason for exploitation this kind of approach was to increase the percentage of horizontal section in pay while avoiding the sele shale and maintaining the oil water contact. They also decided that it was crucial to compress a better handle on seismic data to plan for the two upcoming wells. The seismic data was processed and inverted to improve the imagery of the injectable sandsThe understanding of the reservoir and its heterogeneity was greatly improved with the use of the sore generation deep directional electromagnetic tool which was the LWD and the new processing method. This tool was critical in refining the reservoir model and ultimately for the management of this field in the long

Families Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Families - Essay ExampleTherefore, while defining the term family, it is important to mention that a group of individuals get ahead a family irrespective of whether they love one another or not since they are blood-related to one another and are biologically family members. Often, family members assume fiscal obligations towards one another religiously if not legally. On the other hand, new concepts of family are emerging with the changing moods of the dynamic modern world, where homosexuality has been legally accepted in certain countries. But such concepts are man-made. It is highly unethical to consider such union of people as a family.In directlys society, the definition of family I gave might not be quite welcomed and many people might find it offensive. Typically, the gays and lesbians would find it an offense of their fundamental beliefs. forthwiths modern society has given equal rights to homosexuals and straight people. This gives the homosexuals leverage to choose to li ve with the person they like irrespective of his/her gender. Homosexuals tend to make a family. But they certainly can not make babies in the natural biological way. This speaks of the natures definition of a family. Nature certainly does not consider them a family and accordingly does not bless them with children. That is why, homosexuals living together tend to develop themselves as a family by adopting children. This is highly unethical because it does not only ruin the fundamental structure of a family, but also inculcates many negative aspects in the personality of the adopted children. On the other hand, many thoughtful people will consider this definition of family quite rational since it covers all major aspects of relationship between individuals forming a family.According to my definition of a family, individuals caught in a legal case should find help from their family members. Help comes in the form of financial support and psychological

Public Administration and Civil Service Reform UNDP Cambodia. Case Essay

Public Administration and Civil Service Reform UNDP Cambodia. Case Study - Essay ExampleMost public managers profess to an attraction to expert managerial performance as well as good government performance. However, if their actual conduct is examined, it will become clear that there are twain opposing and distinct perspectives on public reform presidency reform. Crusading and free-spirited managers are always searching for better methods, promising designs, new ideas, and innovations. They embrace, and believe in novelty. They respect what others are doing elsewhere and identify what they can adapt or copy, and are ready to take risks just to improve performance. They are so eager for heighten that they often fall victim to the gimmicks and fads that are often witnessed in public management without reason or rhyme. On the other hand, reactionary managers exhibit alike much caution and rarely show willingness to attempt anything new. This paper will discuss the factors that hin der or facilitate public administration reform by comparing two programmes of public service reform and looking at the lessons learned from those programmes in terms of the obstacles and opportunities involved in public administration reform. describe words Public administration reform, public management, public service.... to as the National Program for Administrative Reform (NPAR), which would be the foundation upon which the whole public administration reform program would be built. UNDP Cambodia decided to directly support the NPAR, and offered help to the Council of Administrative Reform (CAR) which was aimed at a) Strengthening the capability of the councils secretariat in order to improve the effectiveness of national consensus building, strategic planning, donor co-ordination, policy development, and how the NPAR is managed strategically. b) Facilitating the enforcement of priority reform programs and sub-programs, and excessively the creation of implementation plans. c) S upporting the creation and agreement of a Priority Mission Group (PMG) plan so as to improve the efficiency in public service delivery in springy areas of government administration, and also to accelerate reforms. UNDPs assistance in public administrative reform targets not only decentralized reform enforcement, but also wholesome strategic reform organization. It identified the need to integrate both aspects more fluidly, and also learned some important lessons in the process of livelihood Cambodia in its quest to improve public service. Overall, although this project was originally meant to reflect UNDPs expertise in public administrative reforms, other donors were unwilling to gather (Heeks 2002, pg. 25). In addition to this, poor coordination in comparison with other reform areas resulted in weak connections to other activities, disorganized activities, and a loss of focus. Lessons Learned strategical constituency development is vital to acquire support for and run complex systems modification processes The public administration reform programs original design failed to signalize the CAR as the

Case study. Ethical Dilemmas in Allen's Family Term Paper

Case study. Ethical Dilemmas in Allens Family - Term Paper ExampleApparent ethical dilemmas challenging Allens family are Autonomy and generosity. Autonomy invites an creative thinker of liberty of option. Autonomys context avails the patients with the repair of adopting their preference in matters regarding treating. Beneficence involves the report of initiating the best practices for solving patients condition (Harding, 2010). This generally advocates for being good to the patients to help them emerge out of their situations. Although these terms advocates for imperative ideas, they presents dilemma in care procedures.The Dilemma of AutonomyA chief worker unveiling the dilemma of autonomy is Clifford Allen. Allens is scuffling with a condition of depression. His condition has a medical solution but he is not ready to look for assistance. According to Allen, his condition is a weakness but not a sickness and he claims to have a personal solution to his problem. He however ta kes medications for other conditions for instance, he frequently visits a physician for his BPH tests but he never discusses his depression problem. This implicates a stern challenge since understanding the right option to adopt becomes difficult. The autonomy principle allows Allen a choice of defining his fate by the virtue that he has a sober mind (Harding, 2010). However, fetching medication seems a better solution to Allens problem. ... This creates a dilemma on the matter. Additionally, Pamela case reveals the idea dismissly. Pamela presents a similar case as iodin with her husband. She constantly refuses to take chemotherapy and radiation prescriptions until her condition worsen. She feels that chemotherapy is not a good option for her condition. However, this is not the case because her health improves substantially after accepting the treatment. This implies that, subscribing chemotherapy was an nonsuch option for her condition but since Pamela has rights of choice acco rding to autonomy postulate, imposing treatment is not justifiable. This develops the stand of autonomy as an ethical predicament. Importantly, Allen fails to uphold an maiden of autonomy. He is a victim of supremacy intricate. Allen himself refuses to take treatment because of his reasons however, he strongly disputes the idea of his wife refusal of chemotherapy. He fails to remember that his wife also has a freedom of determining his fate. Consequently, he hates Pamela and he is not willing to relate with her stand. Indeed this position augments his depression hitch hence posing challenges to his health. A clear understanding and critical handling of the dilemma presented by the concept of autonomy would create a better environment in which they could substantially fight their problems. Beneficence Dilemma Numerous aspects in the family depicts beneficence dilemma. The spirit of adopting good practices to assist patients sometimes present challenging situations. Pamela presents a good paradigm of the impact of the idea of beneficence. She has risky determinations in ensuring her family overcomes their challenges. She quits her job to take care for her son. Moreover, she is very sensitive on her husbands condition.

Criminal Justice Organizations- Assignment 3 Essay

Criminal Justice Organizations- As crossment 3 - Essay ExampleThe early phases of the operation should remarkably be more challenging, because educating the brisk recruits of their functions is fundamental act as in organizing the new group. Training is necessary, because this is the only way that the entire operation will have to work out. It should be integrated in the training that the new recruits should work undercover, allowing their identities to be a hole-and-corner(a) even if the operation goes on for good in the future.The knowledge about the training should only be amidst the new recruits and a contract is necessary, in order to ensure the privacy of the entire operation. This means that foregoing to the training process the new recruits should have to sign something, signifying some legal actions to be taken against them once the knowledge of their group may prevail in public in the future.Keeping the identities of the new recruits secret is one challenging task of t he management. This is therefore a kind of task that requires systematic approach, instead of only training and other relevant preliminary activities prior to the institution and actual operation.The content of the training should remarkably involve the rules, the actual operation and the entire view of what the tasks should be performed. The training should also become a venue for the employee to mature or provide maximum growth. Based on the point of view of quality circle programs, employees are given the opportunity for maximum growth, and at least have the chance for enhancing their ability to improve themselves, professionally and personally (Stojkovic, Kalinich & Klofas, 2012, p.149). The training should therefore provide essential programs that will provide a venue for the newly hired for the position to experience maximum growth and improve their ability to improve themselves both professionally and personally.The new assignment is a

Greenmail & firing employees Essay Example for Free

Greenmail shoot employees EssayThe term is a greenmail is formed by combining the terms green subscribe and blackmail, invented by journalists and commentators who saw the practices of corporate raiders as a form of blackmail. The indicate company is financi everyy held hostage, and is legally forced to pay the greenmailer to go away. Greenmailing is a variation on the corporate raid or hostile takeover. The greenmailer commonly targets a publicly traded company that is cash rich but often undervalued, with large assets and possibly a solid customer base. otherwise targets are companies that are simply inefficient. The greenmailer isnt really interested in the business of the company. It doesnt want to own the company, improve it, or further build it up. It will, if forced to take the target, sell its parts off piecemeal, which can bring a greater profit than selling the whole target. This is called asset stripping and involves replacing management and firing employees. Green mail proved lucrative for investors such as T. Boone Pickens and Sir James Goldsmith during the 1980s.In the latter example, Goldsmith made $90 million from the Goodyear Tire and Rubber beau monde in the 1980s in this manner. Occidental Petroleum paid greenmail to David Murdoch in 1984. However, if a proper greenmail occurs, the greenmailer merely secures a significant stake in the target company. The greenmailer can offer to end the threat to the target company by selling its share back at a substantial premium. The target or mark can also go private with the same results a profit to the greenmailer.The greenmailer gets away with no oversight, low overhead, and its profits. The target is left poorer and without the assets that attracted the raid in the beginning. A company which agrees to buy back the bidders stock position avoids being taken over. In return, the bidder agrees to abandon the takeover attempt and may sign a confidential agreement with the greenmailer who will agree not to resume the maneuver for a period of time. Greenmail is a corporate defense mechanism to buy back shares from shareholders attempting to control the firm.The practice has many critics but it can result to potential windfall for the company by protecting company shares from low takeovr bids and gives the firm the hazard to restructure management. While benefiting the greenmailer, the company loses capital and other assets. This hamstrings its future growth potential. This means the shareholders lose as well in addition to impacting the supplier and customers economically linked to the company. Generally the companys existing management may remain in place but the employees usually see their ranks reduced.Courts in states such as Calfornia consent favored shareholder lawsuits, based on the contention that greenmailer constituted a breach of fiduciary responsibility. Greenmail is arguably counter productive because once such a payment becomes public others may feign a takeover attempt. Greenmail is money paid by a company (or allied company or individual) to seize its own shares of stock from a shareholder who is threatening to take control of, or unwanted influence over, the company. In the parlance of the financial community, strategies to prevent a takeover are called a Poison pill.This implies that the corporate raider will suffer if they try to swallow the target of the takeover. This involves a myriad of arcane changes in the details of corporate ownership structure, investment market rules, and may involve legal requirement in the jurisdiction where the company is incorporated. Individual states may outdo protectionist laws that impose limits for launching formal bids, or obligations to seek shareholder approval for the buyback of its own shares, and in Federal tax treatment of greenmail gains have all made greenmail far less common since the early 1990s.Heckmann et al. v. Ahmanson trial in July 1989. This was one of the final cases involving th e payment of greenmail. Greenmail is slang for targeted share repurchases transactions in which a company repurchases shares from specific holders, rather than on the open market. In the 1980s, it was not uncommon for companies to pay greenmail to large investors who were challenging corporate management and threatening a takeover of the firm.In this case, Disney had paid a premium price to repurchase shares accumulated by Saul Steinbergs Reliance Group. Working with attorney Michael Hennigan, I explained to the panel how this could damage Disneys other shareholders and to estimate the amount of the damage. Following my direct examination, as Arthur Liman was standing to begin his cross, the judge decided recess the trial early for the July quaternate holiday. During the recess, the case settled. It was the only greenmail case in which plaintiffs received a cash settlement.